docs: 生成逆运动学对比实验结果
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# 2.3.4 三种逆运动学方法对比补充分析
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本结果是基于真实遥操作目标轨迹的离线运动学对比,不代表真机闭环实验。数据来自
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`/home/robot/ACT_Data/tomato_pick/episode_0.hdf5`,目标位姿以 90.0 Hz 重采样;三种方法使用同一初始
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关节状态、同一 URDF、相同收敛阈值和共同的输出速度/加速度限制。
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DLS 扫描的固定阻尼候选为 0.001, 0.003, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3,本轨迹选定
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`0.3`。该参数是在当前评价轨迹上选优,不应解释为跨轨迹最优参数。
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| 方法 | 位置 RMSE (m) | 姿态 RMSE (rad) | 最大关节速度 (°/s) | 最小归一化裕度 | 平均/最大求解时间 (ms) | 成功率 |
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| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: | ---: |
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| Jacobian 伪逆 | 0.260542 | 0.713938 | 30.000 | 0.1509 | 0.138 / 0.885 | 1.17% |
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| DLS | 0.005845 | 0.011201 | 49.999 | 0.0607 | 0.389 / 1.864 | 100.00% |
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| 优化 QP | 0.004929 | 0.011075 | 46.666 | 0.0611 | 0.202 / 1.416 | 100.00% |
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图 2-11 三种逆运动学方法的末端位置与姿态跟踪误差。纵轴采用对数坐标以同时显示不同
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数量级的误差,叉号稀疏标记数值求解失败并保持上一安全关节状态的周期。
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图 2-12 三种逆运动学方法的最大关节速度与最小归一化关节安全裕度。红色虚线表示
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180°/s 输出速度上限,裕度越大表示离关节位置边界越远。
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图 2-13 三种逆运动学方法的综合性能对比,包括误差、关节运动、求解时间和成功率。
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按本次单轨迹数值比较,位置 RMSE 最低的方法为优化 QP,姿态 RMSE 最低的方法为
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优化 QP,成功率最高的方法为DLS、优化 QP。这些结论只描述本次离线复放,
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未进行统计显著性检验。
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当前优化 QP 除六维末端主任务外,还保留项目中的 J3 参考软任务、J4 硬下界与软缓冲,
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以及按最小奇异值动态激活的六维可操作度任务;伪逆和 DLS 基线不包含这些附加任务。
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{
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"source_episode": "/home/robot/ACT_Data/tomato_pick/episode_0.hdf5",
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"git_commit": "d7ff769109d070c19388cea2a04f7db822fe3986",
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"sample_rate_hz": 90.00141938026849,
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"selected_dls_damping": 0.3,
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"methods": {
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"pinv": {
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"method": "pinv",
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"damping": null,
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"success_rate": 0.011748445058742226,
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"position_rmse_m": 0.26054182896155575,
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"orientation_rmse_rad": 0.713938311140316,
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"max_joint_speed_deg_s": 29.999526880705357,
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"min_joint_margin": 0.15094435580838983,
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"mean_solve_ms": 0.13831137463718035,
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"max_solve_ms": 0.884632,
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"failure_count": 1430,
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"longest_failure_streak": 1430,
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"command_limited_count": 17
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},
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"dls": {
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"method": "dls",
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"damping": 0.3,
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"success_rate": 1.0,
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"position_rmse_m": 0.005845412147117041,
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"orientation_rmse_rad": 0.011200514621088859,
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"max_joint_speed_deg_s": 49.999211467842265,
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"min_joint_margin": 0.060689206887586424,
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"mean_solve_ms": 0.3890266415342087,
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"max_solve_ms": 1.8641139999999998,
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"failure_count": 0,
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"longest_failure_streak": 0,
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"command_limited_count": 1282
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},
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"qp": {
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"method": "qp",
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"damping": null,
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"success_rate": 1.0,
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"position_rmse_m": 0.004929449798158346,
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"orientation_rmse_rad": 0.011074963814769237,
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"max_joint_speed_deg_s": 46.66593070331945,
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"min_joint_margin": 0.06105232709255457,
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"mean_solve_ms": 0.20213752494816864,
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"max_solve_ms": 1.416442,
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"failure_count": 0,
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"longest_failure_streak": 0,
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"command_limited_count": 1267
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}
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}
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}
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